Statute of limitations (debt)
Updated September 30, 2026
Definition
The time limit, set by state law, for suing you to collect a debt. After it passes, a debt collector can't sue or threaten to sue, but the debt usually still exists.
The statute of limitations on a debt is the time limit for suing you to collect it. Each state sets its own limit, and it can differ by type of debt. The clock usually starts when you miss a payment.
Once the time runs out, the debt is called time-barred. A debt collector can't sue you or threaten to sue you over it. But the debt usually doesn't go away. A collector may still send letters or call and ask you to pay.
Be careful before you pay or sign anything on an old debt. In some states, a payment or a written statement that you owe the debt restarts the clock. If a collector contacts you about an old medical bill, ask for validation information first. Our guide to medical bills in collections explains your rights. State rules vary, so a legal aid office can help you check your state's limit.
Related terms
Guides that use this term
- GuideMedical bill in collections: your rightsA medical bill in collections isn't the end of the road. Learn your rights, how to dispute the debt, and how to ask for help or a plan you can afford.
- GuideWhat happens if you don't pay a medical bill?What happens if you don't pay medical bills? Here's the calm, step-by-step timeline, from reminders to collections and credit, and what to do instead.
Sources
- Debt collection FAQs, Federal Trade Commission. Accessed September 30, 2026.
- § 1006.26 Collection of time-barred debts (Regulation F), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Accessed September 30, 2026.
This is general information, not legal or medical advice. Rules can depend on your plan and your state. Romi Care isn't an insurer, law firm, collection agency, or government program.